INTERNET
Internet es un conjunto descentralizado de redes de comunicación interconectadas que utilizan la familia de protocolos TCP/IP, garantizando que las redes físicas heterogéneas que la componen funcionen como una red lógica única, de alcance mundial. Sus orígenes se remontan a 1969, cuando se estableció la primera conexión de computadoras, conocida como ARPANET, entre tres universidades en California y una en Utah, Estados Unidos.
Protocolo http
HTTP de HyperText Transfer Protocol (Protocolo de transferencia de hipertexto) es el método más común de intercambio de información en la world wide web, el método mediante el cual se transfieren las páginas web a un ordenador.
Hay una versión de http para la transferencia segura de información llamada https que puede utilizar cualquier método de cifrado siempre que sea entendido tanto por el servidor como por el cliente.
PROTOCOLO FTP
FTP es un protocolo estándar con el STD 9. Su status es recomendado. Se describe en el RFC 959 - FTP("File Transfer Protocol").
La copia de ficheros de una máquina a otra es una de las operaciones más frecuentes. La transferencia de datos entre cliente y servidor puede producirse en cualquier dirección. El cliente puede enviar o pedir un fichero al servidor.
Para acceder a ficheros remotos, el usuario debe identificarse al servidor. En este punto el servidor es responsable de autentificar al cliente antes de permitir la transferencia de ficheros.
Desde el punto de vista de un usuario de FTP, el enlace está orientado a conexión. En otras palabras, es necesario que ambos hosts estén activos y ejecutando TCP/IP para establecer una transferencia de ficheros.
FTP usa TCP como protocolo de transporte para proporcionar conexiones fiables entre los extremos. Se emplean dos conexiones: la primera es para el login y sigue el protocolo TELNET y la segunda es para gestionar la transferencia de datos. Como es necesario hacer un login en el host remoto, el usuario debe tener un nombre de usuario y un password para acceder a ficheros y a directorios. El usuario que inicia la conexión asume la función de cliente, mientras que el host remoto adopta la función de servidor
En ambos extremos del enlace, la aplicación FTP se construye con intérprete de protocolo(PI), un proceso de transferencia de datos, y una interfaz de usuario como muestra la imagen.
W3C
El World Wide Web Consortium, abreviado W3C, es un consorcio internacional que produce recomendaciones para la World Wide Web. Está dirigida por Tim Berners-Lee, el creador original de URL (Uniform Resource Locator, Localizador Uniforme de Recursos), HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol, Protocolo de Transferencia de HiperTexto) y HTML (Lenguaje de Marcado de HiperTexto) que son las principales tecnologías sobre las que se basa la Web.
Fue creada el 1 de octubre de 1994 por Tim Berners-Lee en el MIT, actual sede central del consorcio. Uniéndose posteriormente en abril de 1995 INRIA en Francia, reemplazado por el ERCIM en el 2003 como el huésped europeo del consorcio y Universidad de Keiō (Shonan Fujisawa Campus) en Japón en septiembre de 1996 como huésped asiatico. Estos organismos administran el consorcio, el cual está integrado por:
- Miembros del W3C. A abril de 2010 contaba con 330 miembros (lista completa)
- Equipo W3C (W3C Team) 65 investigadores y expertos de todo el mundo (Directorio)
- Oficinas W3C (W3C Offices). Centros regionales establecidos en Alemania y Austria (oficina conjunta), Australia, Benelux (oficina conjunta), China, Corea del Sur, España, Finlandia, Grecia, Hong Kong, Hungría, India, Israel, Italia, Marruecos, Suecia y Reino Unido e Irlanda (oficina conjunta) (Oficinas W3C.)
Hojas de estilo en cascada (CSS)
Hojas de Estilo en Cascada (Cascading Style Sheets), es un mecanismo simple que describe cómo se va a mostrar un documento en la pantalla, o cómo se va a imprimir, o incluso cómo va a ser pronunciada la información presente en ese documento a través de un dispositivo de lectura. Esta forma de descripción de estilos ofrece a los desarrolladores el control total sobre estilo y formato de sus documentos.
CSS se utiliza para dar estilo a documentos HTML y XML, separando el contenido de la presentación. Los Estilos definen la forma de mostrar los elementos HTML y XML. CSS permite a los desarrolladores Web controlar el estilo y el formato de múltiples páginas Web al mismo tiempo. Cualquier cambio en el estilo marcado para un elemento en la CSS afectará a todas las páginas vinculadas a esa CSS en las que aparezca ese elemento.
CSS funciona a base de reglas, es decir, declaraciones sobre el estilo de uno o más elementos. Las hojas de estilo están compuestas por una o más de esas reglas aplicadas a un documento HTML o XML. La regla tiene dos partes: un selector y la declaración. A su vez la declaración está compuesta por una propiedad y el valor que se le asigne.
Referencias:
Lenguaje de programación del lado del cliente orientado al desarrollo web.
http://www.maestrosdelweb.com/principiantes/los-diferentes-lenguajes-de-programacion-para-la-web/
Lenguajes de programación del lado del servidor orientados al desarrollo web.
http://www.desarrolloweb.com/wiki/programacion-del-lado-del-servidor.html
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